
Admixtures
A wide variety of materials comply with this definition but all are not recognised as admixtures. Some are used to produce special types of concrete, e.g. pigments to produce

Concrete repair
One of the most important problems is the repair and reconstruction of concrete structures, the lack of compatibility of repair mortar and concrete. One of the most important factors in

Grout
Grout is a particularly fluid form of concrete used to fill gaps. Grout is generally a mixture of water, cement, and sand, and is employed in pressure grouting, embedding

Industrial flooring
Industrial flooring can be widely used in construction as flooring, for example, industrial flooring is suitable for any industrial unit, warehouses, retail stores, and even restaurants. Industrial flooring can

protective coating
Protective surface coatings are primarily used to protect new or repaired concrete surfaces from future chemical attack (e.g. against sulphurous and nitrous pollutants) and the ingress of aggressive liquids

Reinforcement of concrete
One of the retrofitting methods for a variety of buildings is the use of polymeric fibers. This method is economically compatible with traditional building retrofit methods, and it also

Sealant
The materials discussed in this section, in spite of a few exceptional cases, have at least two common features: texture and other textiles. “Toshibi” is the ability to stick

surface treatment concrete
Concrete surface treatment Concrete treatment or so-called curing concrete is a set of processes that are used to keep and in general terms preserve factors such as heat and

waterproofing
In many cases, especially when concrete is exposed to water pressure, its impenetrability is posed. Concrete bonding is related to the amount of cement and water, and the duration